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Fastidious Vascular Pathogens

1. When were Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) discovered as causal agents of dwarf mulberry, potato witches' broom and Aster yellows?

A. 1967

B. 1976

C. 1982

D. 1971


2. Which antibiotic was found to have an effect on the symptoms of the diseases caused by MLOs?

A. Penicillin

B. Tetracycline

C. Amoxicillin

D. Ciprofloxacin


3. What recognition did Doi, Ishi and their colleagues receive for their contribution to the study of MLOs?

A. Nobel Prize

B. Citation from International Organization of Mycoplasmology

C. Best Paper Award

D. Research Grant


4. Who cultured the MLO causing citrus stubborn in 1971?

A. Sagglio et al in France and Fudl-Allah et al. in USA

B. Doi et al.

C. Ishi et al.

D. Davis and Worley


5. What trivial name was coined for the MLO causing citrus stubborn by Davis and Worley in 1973?

A. Phytoplasma

B. Spiroplasma

C. Phytomonas

D. Mycoplasma


6. What are non-cultivable MLOs that are not helical in thick sections of diseased tissues called?

A. Candidatus genus

B. Spiroplasma

C. Phytoplasma

D. Mycoplasma


7. What is the status given to phytoplasma as a genus?

A. Candidatus genus (hence not italicized)

B. Italicized genus

C. Unclassified genus

D. Species


8. What was the next addition to the list of plant pathogens after MLOs?

A. Fungi

B. Bacteria

C. Viruses

D. Flagellated protozoans


9. Which genus do phloem-inhabiting protozoan plant pathogens belong to?

A. Phytomonas

B. Phytoplasma

C. Mycoplasma

D. Candidatus genus


10. What are organisms inhabiting the phloem or/and xylem tissues as special 'niche' designated as?

A. Fastidious Vascular Pathogens

B. Candidatus genus

C. Spiroplasma

D. Phytoplasma


Answers: 

1. A 

2. B 

3. B 

4. A 

5. B 

6. C 

7. A 

8. D 

9. A 

10. A

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